Internally slotted cam for lens system

ABSTRACT

A cam for applying movement to a lens system. The cam may include a body configured to couple to the lens system. The body may have slots that are configured to receive lens followers. The slots may extend in directions that are convergent relative to each other.

BACKGROUND

Anamorphic cinematography lenses inherently have various amounts ofastigmatism that must be corrected to create a sharp image. Methods ofcorrection include use of two lenses to reduce astigmatism. The lensesare rotated to reduce the astigmatism.

Methods to rotate the lenses include a gear or cam to rotate the lenses.Using the gear method, the movement of the system is limited to a linearprogression and does not achieve the most accurate results. The cammethod relies on the use of return springs for one direction ofrotation. The cam method lacks reliability because, due to environmentalchanges, the springs do not always have enough strength to overcome theresistance from the optical housings being driven and often fail.Further, springs may weaken over time and screws that attach the springsto the housings could loosen or back out. This method may also cause aninconsistent feel for the user due to increased spring tension at closerfocus distances. Further, the close focus range is limited due togeometrical limitations of the system.

SUMMARY

Apparatuses, systems, and methods disclosed herein are directed toimproving a cam system. Embodiments disclosed herein utilize slots in acam body that may eliminate the need for return springs. A moreconsistent focus feel may be provided for the user.

An embodiment disclosed herein includes a cam for applying movement to alens system. The cam comprises a body configured to couple to the lenssystem and having a first slot and a second slot, the first slotconfigured to receive a first lens follower, the second slot configuredto receive a second lens follower, the first slot and the second slotextending in directions that are convergent relative to each other.

An embodiment disclosed herein includes a lens system comprising a firstlens, a second lens, and a cam. The cam includes a first slot and asecond slot, the first slot configured to couple to the first lens andthe second slot configured to couple to the second lens such that axialmovement of the cam causes the first lens and the second lens to rotatein opposite directions from each other.

An embodiment disclosed herein includes a method comprising providingaxial movement of a cam to rotate a first lens and a second lens inopposite directions from each other. The cam may include a first slotand a second slot, the first slot being coupled to the first lens andthe second slot being coupled to the second lens.

As digital technology evolves the need for higher quality lenses tomatch larger sensor are in great demand. An object of the disclosure isto provide a drive cam to operate a counter rotating lens system thatachieves a higher level of precision than was possible with previousdesigns. An object of the disclosure is to provide a cam that reducesthe need for return springs, so that the system is more robust andreliable. An object of the disclosure is to achieve a shorter closefocus distance than was previously possible with a spring system. Anobject of the disclosure is to provide a cam that reduces resistance toa lens system and may achieve a smooth consistent feel throughout anentire focus range.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of the systems, apparatuses, and methods asdisclosed herein will become appreciated as the same become betterunderstood with reference to the specification, claims, and appendeddrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a prior art lens system.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the prior art lens system shownin FIG. 1 with the lenses rotated from the position shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of the prior art cam that is shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of the prior art cam that is shown inFIG. 1.

FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of a cam according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the cam shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of the cam shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of the cam shown in FIG. 5 coupled to lensfollowers.

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a lens system including the camshown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a lens system including thecam shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic representation of an operation of thecam shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of a cam according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom perspective view of the cam shown in FIG.12 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a top view of a cam according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a side view of a camera system according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art embodiment of a lens system 10. The lenssystem 10 includes lenses 12, 14 and a cam 16. The lenses 12, 14 and cam16 are coupled to a housing 18 of the lens system 10.

The lens system 10 is an anamorphic lens system, and the lenses 12, 14are each cylindrical lenses. The anamorphic lens system is designed tocounter-rotate the lenses 12, 14 during focusing, to reduce opticalaberrations, and particularly reduce astigmatism caused by theanamorphic lens system during focusing.

The cam 16 includes a body 20 with working cam surfaces 22, 24. Theworking cam surfaces 22, 24 are configured to contact respective lensfollowers 26, 28 that are each coupled to respective lenses 12, 14.

The cam 16 is configured to move axially, along the optical axis. Theaxial movement corresponds to a focusing operation of the lens system10. Upon the cam 16 being moved axially in a direction away from theobject space 30 (the space containing the objects or areas to beimaged), the working cam surfaces 22, 24 press against the respectivelens followers 26, 28. The forces against the lens followers 26, rotatethe lenses 12, 14 in opposite directions. The counter-rotation of thelenses 12, 14 reduces optical aberrations during focusing.

Springs 32, 34 are coupled to respective lenses 12, 14. The respectivesprings 32, 34 apply a force to the lenses 12, 14 in an oppositedirection than the force applied by the working cam surfaces 22, 24.FIG. 1 illustrates the springs 32, 34 stretching as the cam 16 movesaxially to rotate the lenses 12, 14.

FIG. 2 illustrates the prior art embodiment of the lens system 10 inwhich the cam 16 has moved to its maximum axial position. The workingcam surfaces 22, 24 have pressed the respective lens followers 26, 28such that the lenses 12, 14 are at a greater rotation relative to eachother than shown in FIG. 1.

The springs 32, 34 are stretched to a greater extent than shown inFIG. 1. Upon the cam 16 being moved in an opposite axial direction(towards the object space 30), the springs 32, 34 rotate the lenses 12,14 back towards a position shown in FIG. 1. The lens followers 26, 28follow the profile of the working cam surfaces 22, 24 as they rotateback towards a position shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of the prior art cam 16 that is shown inFIGS. 1 and 2. The working cam surfaces 22, 24 are configured to onlyapply a force outward from the body 20 of the cam 16.

FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of the prior art cam 16, shown inrelation to the lens system (marked in dashed lines). The prior art cam16 has a curvature to accommodate the shape of the lens system.

The prior art lens system 10 suffers from a series of limitations. Theuse of the springs 32, 34 may lead to mechanical error and lack ofprecision. The springs 32, 34 may weaken over time or may becomedislodged. The mechanical strength and resilience of the springs 32, 34may also vary based on temperature. For example, cold weather affectsthe grease in the metal housings, used to lubricate the movement of theglass inside the housing. Temperature impacts the viscosity of thegrease. Extreme temperatures may make the springs brittle or otherwisevary their strength. Variations in the strength of the springs 32, 34over time may also lead to inconsistent control of the rotation of thelenses 12, 14. Further, the use of springs 32, 34 themselves may lead toinconsistent control because the resistive force of the springs 32, 34may vary depending on the distance that the spring is stretched. Theprior art lens system 10 also provides a limited range of focus, andparticularly does not allow for close focus distances.

FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of a cam 36 according to the presentdisclosure. The cam 36 includes a body 38 and a plurality of slots 40,42. The slots 40, 42 are each configured to receive a respective lensfollower (shown in FIG. 8). The slots 40, 42 extend in directions thatare convergent relative to each other. The slots 40, 42 extend indirections that are non-parallel relative to each other. The cam 36 maybe for applying movement to a lens system.

The body 38 may include an axial dimension 44 and a lateral dimension46. The axial dimension 44 is the dimension along the optical axis ofthe lens. The slots 40, 42, and particularly the respective working camsurfaces 48, 50, 52, 54 of the slots 40, 42, may be symmetrical witheach other. The slots 40, 42 and respective working cam surfaces 48, 50,52, 54 of the slots 40, 42 are symmetrical about a line of symmetry(marked as reference line 56). The line of symmetry 56 may extend alongthe axial dimension 44. The symmetry of the slots 40, 42 and respectiveworking cam surfaces 48, 50, 52, 54 may allow each of the respectivelens followers to follow an identical path. The slots 40, 42 may have anidentical path length for the respective lens followers to follow. Theslots 40, 42 may extend in directions that are convergent upon the lineof symmetry 56.

The slots 40, 42 may each have respective end portions 58, 60, 62, 64.For reference, end portions 58 and 62 may be referred to as “first endportions” and end portions 60 and 64 may be referred to as “second endportions.” Each of the slots 40, 42 may extend from the first endportions 58, 62 to the second end portions 60, 64 in directions that areconvergent relative to each other. The slots 40, 42 are convergent astaken along the axial dimension 44. As is shown in FIG. 5, each of theslots 40, 42 may extend from the second end portions 60, 64 to the firstend portions 58, 62 in directions that are divergent relative to eachother.

The convergence of the slots 40, 42 towards each other results in thesecond end portions 60, 64 being closer to each other than the first endportions 58, 62 are to each other. A distance between the slots 40, 42decreases taken along the axial dimension from the first end portions58, 62 to the second end portions 60, 64, and increases taken along theaxial dimension from the second end portions 60, 64 to the first endportions 58, 62.

The slots 40, 42 may be shaped such that an axial distance between lensfollowers retained therein remains the same, yet the lateral distancebetween the lens followers varies during axial movement of the cam 36.The lateral distance between the lens followers varies on the path ofthe respective slots 40, 42, as taken along the axial dimension. Thisallows the cam 36 to rotate the lenses coupled thereto.

The working cam surfaces 48, 50 of the slot 40 may extend parallel toeach other and face opposite each other. The working cam surfaces 52, 54of the slot 42 may extend parallel to each other. Each of the slots 40,42 may be straight. The working cam surfaces 50, 52 may be configured torotate lenses (marked in FIG. 9) in counter rotating directions, and theworking cam surfaces 48, 54 may be configured to rotate the lenses inopposite counter rotating directions.

The slots 40, 42 may form a triangular shape, as shown in FIG. 5.

Each of the slots 40, 42 may extend at an angle relative to the axialdimension 44 and the lateral dimension 46. The first end portions 58, 62may each extend at respective angles 66, 68 relative to the lateraldimension 46. The first slot 40 and second slot 42 may be angled towardseach other. The first slot 40 and second slot 42 extend at oppositeangles relative to each other.

The body 38 may have a leading edge 70, and trailing edge 72 and leftand right side edges 74, 76. The edges 70, 72, 74, 76 together may forma trapezoidal shape for the body 38, and particularly an isoscelestrapezoid shape as shown in FIG. 5.

The body 38 may comprise a plate. The body 38 may be configured tocouple to a lens system.

The cam 36 may include a mount 78 for coupling the cam 36 to a lenssystem. The mount 78 may comprise apertures in the body 38 as shown inFIG. 5, or in other embodiments may comprise other forms of mounts suchas screws, rivets, other forms of fasteners, or other mounts.

FIG. 6 illustrates a side perspective view of the cam 36. The body 38 ofthe cam 36 may have a curvature as shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of the cam 36. The body 38 of the cam 36may have a curvature that matches the shape of the lens system. The body38 of the cam 36 may curve about the optical axis. The body 38 from theleft side edge 74 to the right side edge 76 may extend for about 100degrees of the full circumference of the lens system. In one embodiment,the body 38 from the left side edge 74 to the right side edge 76 mayextend for about 120 degrees of the full circumference of the lenssystem, which may comprise a longer focal length lens than the lens withthe cam that extends for 100 degrees. In one embodiment, the body 38from the left side edge 74 to the right side edge 76 may extend forabout 115 degrees of the full circumference of the lens system.

FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of the cam 36 coupled to lens followers80, 82. The slots 40, 42 receive the respective lens followers 80, 82.The body 38 is coupled to the lens system via the mount 78. A supportextends through an aperture of the mount 78 to couple the body 38 to thelens system.

The lens followers 80, 82 may each comprise rollers as shown in FIG. 8.In other embodiments other forms of lens followers 80, 82 such asknife-edge, flat-face, spherical-face, or other forms of followers maybe utilized.

FIG. 9 illustrates a lens system 84 including the cam 36 and lenses 86,88. The lenses 86, 88 and cam 36 are coupled to a housing 90 of the lenssystem 84.

Similar to the prior art lens system 10, the lens system 84 may comprisean anamorphic lens system, and the lenses 86, 88 may each comprisecylindrical lenses. The anamorphic lens system may be designed tocounter-rotate the lenses 86, 88 during focusing, to reduce opticalaberrations, and particularly reduce astigmatism caused by theanamorphic lens system during focusing. The lenses 86, 88 may rotate inopposite directions from each other. The lenses 86, 88 may rotateequally in opposite directions and may be held concentric to the opticalaxis. In other embodiments, the cam 36 may be utilized in a lens systemthat is non-anamorphic. The lenses 86, 88 may be configured to bespherical lenses, or have another shape (e.g., aspheric) as desired. Thelenses 86, 88 may be configured for non-anamorphic capture and therotation of the lenses may produce desired optical effects. The opticaleffects may include light filtering, or a magnification, among otheroptical effects.

The cam 36 is coupled to the lens system via a slide support 92. Theslide support 92 may have the form of an arm as shown in FIG. 9. Theslide support 92 may allow the cam 36 to slide axially, along theoptical axis. The axial movement may correspond to a focusing operationof the lens system 84. The slide support 92 may slide axially due torotational movement of a support ring, which may be a focusing ringoperated by a user. The slide support 92 may be coupled to a cam thatdrives the main movable focus group of the lens system.

Upon the cam 36 being moved axially in a direction away from the objectspace 94 (the space containing the objects or areas to be imaged), theinner working cam surfaces 50, 52 press against the respective lensfollowers 80, 82. The lens followers 80, 82 slide along the respectiveslot 40, 42. The forces against the lens followers 80, 82 rotate thelenses 86, 88 in opposite directions. The counter-rotation of the lenses86, 88 reduces optical aberrations during focusing.

In one embodiment, the cam 36 may be oriented 180 degrees around fromthe position shown in FIG. 9 such that the leading edge 70 faces towardsthe object space 94. A similar operation of the cam 36 results. Theorientation of the cam 36 may be provided based on the space availablefor the cam 36 in the lens system 84.

FIG. 10 illustrates the lens system 84 in which the cam 36 has moved toits maximum axial position. The inner working cam surfaces 50, 52 havepressed the respective lens followers 80, 82 such that the lenses 86, 88are at a greater rotation relative to each other than shown in FIG. 9.The lens followers 80, 82 have moved to the first end portions 58, 62 ofthe slots 40, 42.

The lens system 84 does not include springs to rotate the lenses 86, 88in directions opposite those shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Rather, the outerworking cam surfaces 48, 54 are configured to press against therespective lens followers 80, 82 to apply a force to the lens followers80, 82. The force from the outer working cam surfaces 48, 54 rotates thelenses 86, 88 in directions opposite those shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Theaxial movement of the cam 36 accordingly causes the lenses 86, 88 torotate in opposite directions from each other.

The cam 36 beneficially allows for the lenses 86, 88 to becounter-rotated in multiple directions due to the presence of the slots40, 42. The slots 40, 42 allow each of the lens followers 80, 82 to bepushed and pulled without the use of springs, as discussed in regard tothe prior art of FIGS. 1-4. The use of the slots 40, 42 reduces themechanical error discussed in regard to the springs. The slots 40, 42may also enhance the movement precision of the lens system 84, byallowing for specific working cam surface profiles to be utilized withthe cam 36. Fewer mechanical parts may also be utilized. The slots 40,42 may also increase the range of rotation of the lenses 86, 88, toimprove the ability of the lenses 86, 88 to provide for near focus. Amore consistent focus feel may be provided for the user.

FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic representation of the operation of thecam 36. The slots 40, 42 may extend at angles to the lateral dimension46. The angles 66, 68 may extend between about 90 degrees to about 22degrees. In one embodiment, the angles 66, 68 may be less than about 30degrees. In other embodiments, the angles 66, 68 may be varied asdesired. In one embodiment, the angles of the slots 40, 42 relative tothe lateral dimension 46 may vary along the length of the respectiveslot 40, 42 between about 90 degrees to about 22 degrees. This may be anembodiment in which the slot 40, 42 shape may be non-linear. The angles66, 68 may be determined based on the design of the lenses. The angles66, 68 may be determined based on the requirements of each lens atvarious focal lengths. The angles 66, 68 may allow for greater controlover the counter rotation of the lenses 86, 88.

FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a cam 98 having adifferent working cam surface profile than shown in FIGS. 5-10. The cam98 includes slots 100, 102 having respective working cam surfaces 104,106, 108, 110. The slots 100, 102 are each configured to receive arespective lens follower (similar to the slots 40, 42). The slots 100,102 extend in directions that are convergent relative to each other. Theslots 100, 102 extend in directions that are non-parallel relative toeach other. The slots 100, 102 may have an identical path length for therespective lens followers to follow. The lateral distance between thelens followers varies on the path of the respective slots 100, 102 astaken along the axial dimension.

The slots 100, 102 and respective working cam surfaces 104, 106, 108,110 of the slots 100, 102 are symmetrical about a line of symmetry(marked as reference line 112). The line of symmetry 112 extends alongthe axial dimension 115 (rather than the lateral dimension 117). Theslots 100, 102 extend in directions that are convergent upon the line ofsymmetry 112.

Each of the slots 100, 102 has a non-linear shape. The respectiveworking cam surfaces 104, 106, 108, 110 of the slots 100, 102 each havea contoured profile. The contoured profile may allow the lenses 86, 88to rotate at varied rotation rates. For example, if a lens follower 80,82 moves from a respective end portion 112, 114 to an opposite endportion 116, 118, then the lenses 86, 88 may initially rotate rapidlyand then have their rate of rotation slow. This is because the rate ofchange of distance between the slots 100, 102 decreases along the axialdimension 115 from the end portions 112, 114 to an opposite end portion116, 118 (towards the leading edge 120). The contour of the working camsurfaces may be configured to produce a desired rate of rotation for therespective lenses 86, 88. The shape of the slots and contour of theworking cam surfaces may be varied than shown in FIG. 12. An optimizedcam profile may be provided that the lenses may follow to achieveaccurate results.

FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom view of the cam 98.

FIG. 14 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a cam 122 having adifferent direction of slots 124, 126 than shown in FIGS. 5-10. Theslots 124, 126 are each configured to receive a respective lens follower(similar to the slots 40, 42). The slots 124, 126 extend in directionsthat are convergent relative to each other. The slots 124, 126 extend indirections that are non-parallel relative to each other. The slots 124,126 may have an identical path length for the respective lens followersto follow. The lateral distance between the lens followers varies on thepath of the respective slots 124, 126 as taken along the axialdimension.

The slots 124, 126 and respective working cam surfaces 128, 130, 132,134 of the slots 124, 126 are symmetrical about a line of symmetry(marked as reference line 136). The line of symmetry 136 extends alongthe lateral dimension 138 (rather than the axial dimension 140). Theslots 124, 126 extend in directions that are convergent upon the line ofsymmetry 136.

Each of the slots 124, 126 is straight. The slots 124, 126 are shapedsuch that an axial distance between lens followers retained thereinremains the same, yet the lateral distance between the lens followersvaries during axial movement of the cam 122. This allows the cam 122 torotate the lenses coupled thereto.

The embodiments of cams disclosed herein may be configured to beseparable from the lens system. For example, a plurality of cams may beutilized and swapped out in the lens system to provide a desiredmovement of the lenses. Each of the plurality of lenses may have adifferent slot shape, to provide the desired movement of the lenses.

The embodiments of cams disclosed herein may be utilized in a system,including a lens system. The lens system may include lenses, asdisclosed herein, and other components that may allow for imaging. Inone embodiment, the lens system may comprise a lens group that isseparable from a camera. The entire lens system may be separable fromthe camera and replaced to provide a desired optical image capture. Inone embodiment, the cams disclosed herein may be utilized in a camerasystem including a digital image sensor or a film capture aperture, orthe like. The camera system may be either a film capture system or adigital capture system. The camera system may be used in the motionpicture industry, or other industries as desired. The camera system isnot limited to moving picture capture, but may include still photographycapture, or mobile device capture (e.g., smartphone cameras, cameraphones, or the like).

FIG. 15 for example, illustrates an embodiment of the lens system 84removably coupled to a camera 142. A housing cover 144 may cover the camcontained therein. The lens system 84 and camera 142 together may form acamera system 146. The camera 142 may be a film capture camera or adigital capture camera, or other forms of cameras. The camera system 146may be configured to capture in an anamorphic or non-anamorphic capturemode.

The slots disclosed herein may comprise apertures extending entirelythrough the cam bodies as disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the slotsmay not comprise apertures, but may comprise grooves extending along thecam bodies.

The shape of the cam bodies disclosed herein may be modified toaccommodate the shape of the lens system that the cam is coupled to. Thecam bodies may be oriented at a rotation of 180 degrees from theorientation shown in this application, or may be put at anotherorientation, to produce a desired effect.

The present disclosure includes methods of rotating lenses using thecams disclosed herein. The present disclosure also includes methods ofutilizing any of the cams, systems, or other structures disclosedherein. Any of the processes or steps disclosed herein may comprise amethod within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, a methodmay include providing a cam including a first slot and a second slot,the first slot being coupled to a first lens and the second slot beingcoupled to a second lens such that axial movement of the cam causes thefirst lens and the second lens to rotate in opposite directions fromeach other. The method may include providing axial movement of the camto rotate the first lens and the second lens in opposite directions fromeach other.

In closing, it is to be understood that although aspects of the presentspecification are highlighted by referring to specific embodiments, oneskilled in the art will readily appreciate that these disclosedembodiments are only illustrative of the principles of the subjectmatter disclosed herein. Therefore, it should be understood that thedisclosed subject matter is in no way limited to a particularmethodology, protocol, and/or reagent, etc., described herein. As such,various modifications or changes to or alternative configurations of thedisclosed subject matter can be made in accordance with the teachingsherein without departing from the spirit of the present specification.Lastly, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describingparticular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope ofsystems, apparatuses, and methods as disclosed herein, which is definedsolely by the claims. Accordingly, the systems, apparatuses, and methodsare not limited to that precisely as shown and described.

Certain embodiments of systems, apparatuses, and methods are describedherein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying outthe same. Of course, variations on these described embodiments willbecome apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading theforegoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employsuch variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for thesystems, apparatuses, and methods to be practiced otherwise thanspecifically described herein. Accordingly, the systems, apparatuses,and methods include all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described embodiments in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the systems, apparatuses,and methods unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearlycontradicted by context.

Groupings of alternative embodiments, elements, or steps of the systems,apparatuses, and methods are not to be construed as limitations. Eachgroup member may be referred to and claimed individually or in anycombination with other group members disclosed herein. It is anticipatedthat one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from,a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any suchinclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain thegroup as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markushgroups used in the appended claims.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing a characteristic,item, quantity, parameter, property, term, and so forth used in thepresent specification and claims are to be understood as being modifiedin all instances by the term “about.” As used herein, the term “about”means that the characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, orterm so qualified encompasses an approximation that may vary, yet iscapable of performing the desired operation or process discussed herein.

The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context ofdescribing the systems, apparatuses, and methods (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. All methods described herein can be performedin any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwiseclearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, orexemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merelyto better illuminate the systems, apparatuses, and methods and does notpose a limitation on the scope of the systems, apparatuses, and methodsotherwise claimed. No language in the present specification should beconstrued as indicating any non-claimed element essential to thepractice of the systems, apparatuses, and methods.

All patents, patent publications, and other publications referenced andidentified in the present specification are individually and expresslyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for the purpose ofdescribing and disclosing, for example, the compositions andmethodologies described in such publications that might be used inconnection with the systems, apparatuses, and methods. Thesepublications are provided solely for their disclosure prior to thefiling date of the present application. Nothing in this regard should beconstrued as an admission that the inventors are not entitled toantedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or for any otherreason. All statements as to the date or representation as to thecontents of these documents is based on the information available to theapplicants and does not constitute any admission as to the correctnessof the dates or contents of these documents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A cam for applying movement to a lens systemcomprising: a body configured to couple to the lens system and having afirst slot and a second slot, the first slot configured to receive afirst lens follower, the second slot configured to receive a second lensfollower, the first slot and the second slot extending in directionsthat are convergent relative to each other, the cam body beingconfigured to move axially along an optical axis of the camera system tocause the first lens follower and second lens follower to move withinthe respective first and second slots.
 2. The cam of claim 1, whereinthe first slot and the second slot are symmetrical about a line ofsymmetry.
 3. The cam of claim 2, wherein the body has an axial dimensionand a lateral dimension, and the line of symmetry extends along theaxial dimension.
 4. The cam of claim 3, wherein the first slot and thesecond slot extend in directions that are convergent upon the line ofsymmetry.
 5. The cam of claim 1, wherein the first slot has a first endportion and a second end portion, and the second slot has a first endportion and a second end portion, and the first slot and the second sloteach extend from the respective first end portions to the second endportions in directions that are convergent relative to each other. 6.The cam of claim 5, wherein the second end portion of the first slot iscloser to the second end portion of the second slot than the first endportion of the first slot is from the first end portion of the secondslot.
 7. The cam of claim 5, wherein the body has an axial dimension anda lateral dimension, and taken along the axial dimension the first slotand the second slot each extend from the respective first end portionsto the second end portions in directions that are convergent relative toeach other.
 8. The cam of claim 1, wherein the body has an axialdimension and a lateral dimension, and the first slot extends at anangle of less than 30 degrees from the lateral dimension.
 9. The cam ofclaim 1, wherein the first slot includes a first working cam surface anda second working cam surface facing opposite the first working camsurface.
 10. The cam of claim 1, wherein the first slot comprises anaperture of the body or a groove in the body.
 11. The cam of claim 1,wherein the body has an axial dimension and a lateral dimension, andtaken along the axial dimension a distance between the first slot andthe second slot decreases.
 12. A lens system comprising: a first lens; asecond lens; and a cam including a first slot and a second slot, thefirst slot configured to accommodate a first lens follower therein thatis coupled to the first lens and the second slot configured toaccommodate a second lens follower therein that is coupled to the secondlens such that axial movement of the cam causes the first lens and thesecond lens to rotate in opposite directions from each other by movementof the first and second lens followers in the respective first andsecond slots.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first lens is acylindrical lens and the second lens is a cylindrical lens.
 14. Thesystem of claim 12, wherein the first slot and the second slot extend indirections that are convergent relative to each other.
 15. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the first slot and the second slot extend indirections that are non-parallel relative to each other.
 16. The systemof claim 15, wherein the first slot includes a first working cam surfaceand a second working cam surface facing opposite the first working camsurface, the first working cam surface and the second working camsurface each being configured to apply a force to the first lensfollower.
 17. A method for rotating optical lenses of a lens system inopposite directions comprising moving a cam of the lens system axiallyalong an optical axis of the optical lenses, wherein the cam comprises afirst slot and a second slot, the first slot being coupled to the firstlens and the second slot being coupled to the second lens, and whereinthe first and second lenses are rotated in opposite directions by thecoupled cooperation of the first and second lenses with each respectivefirst and second slot.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein rotating thefirst lens and the second lens varies a focus of a lens system.
 19. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the lens system is an anamorphic lenssystem.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first slot and thesecond slot extend in directions that are convergent relative to eachother.